References

 Written Works Cited

Benton-Banai, Edward. The Mishomis Book, The Voice of the Ojibway. Wisconsin:  Indian Country Communications, 1988.

Black-Rogers, Mary. Forward to Clothed-In-Fur and Other Tales:  An Introduction to an Ojibwa World View by T. Overholt and J. Baird Callicott. Lanham, MD:  University Press of America, 1982.

Bourgeois, Paul. “An Ojibwe Conceptual Glossary.” Major Glossary Paper (draft), TMs [photocopy], York University, February 26, 1998.

________. “Odewegewin:  An Ojibwe Epistemology.” Major Paper (draft), TMs [photocopy], York University, March 31, 1998.

Brant Castellano, Marlene. “Updating Aboriginal Traditions of Knowledge.” In Indigenous Knowledge:  Multiple Readings of Our World, TMs [photocopy], 1-19. Toronto:  University of Toronto Press, forthcoming, 1998.

Bruchac, Joseph, (ed.). Native Wisdom. San Francisco:  HarperSanFrancisco, 1995.

Colorado, Pam. “Bridging Native and Western Science.” Convergence XXI (2/3):  49-67. Toronto:  International Council for Adult Education, 1988.

Couture, Joseph. “Native Studies and the Academy.” In Indigenous Knowledge in Global Context:  Multiple Readings of Our World, ed. George Dei, Buod Hall and Dorothy Goldin Rosenberg, TMs [photocopy], 1-14. Toronto:  University of Toronto, forthcoming, 1998.

________. “Next Time, Try an Elder!, 1979” TMs [photocopy].

________. “The Role of Native Elders:  Emergent Issues.” In The Cultural Maze:  Complex Questions on Native Destiny in Western Canada, ed. John Friesen, 201-217. Calgary:  Detselig Enterprises, 1991.

________. “Native Studies, Some Comments, April 1, 1993”, TMs [photocopy]. Native Studies, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario.

Deloria, Vine, Jr. Red Earth White Lies. New York:  Skribner, 1995.

________. God is Red. Colorado:  Fulcrum, 1994.

________. “American Indian Metaphysics.”  In Winds of Change. Boulder, Colorado:  American Indian Science and Engineering Society, 1986. Quoted in Pam Colorado, “Bridging Native and Western Science.” Convergence XXI (2/3):  49-67, Toronto, ON:  International Council for Adult Education, 1988.

Dumont, James. “Journey To Daylight-Land Through Ojibwa Eyes”. In The First Ones:  Readings in Indian/Native Studies, ed. David Miller, 75-80. Saskatchewan:  Saskatchewan Indian Federated College Press, 1992.

Guthrie, G.S., J.E. Raven and M. Schofield. The Presocratic Philosophers, A Critical History with a Selection of Texts, 2d ed. Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Hallowell, A. Irving. “Ojibwa Metaphysics of Being and the Perception of Persons.” In Person Perception and Interperson Behavior, ed. R. Tagiuri and L Petoullo, 63-85. California:  Stanford University, 1958.

________. “Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View.” In Teachings from the American Earth by Dennis Tedlock and Barbara Tedlock, (eds.). New York:  Liveright, 1975.

Hill, Norbert S., Jr. (ed.). (Oneida). Words of Power, Voices from Indian America. Colorado:  Fulcrum, 1994.

Johnston, Basil H., Forward to Dancing with a Ghost, Exploring Indian Reality, by Rupert Ross. Ontario:  Octopus, 1992.

Nichols, John D. and Earl Nyholm. A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minnesota:  University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

Overholt, T. and J. Baird Callicott. Clothed-In-Fur and Other Tales:  An Introduction to an Ojibwa World View. Lanham, Maryland:  University Press of America, 1982.

Pettipas, Katherine. Severing the Ties that Bind:  Government Repression of Indigenous Religious Ceremonies in the Prairies, Manitoba:  University of Manitoba Press, 1994.

Pirsig, Robert. Lila, An Inquiry Into Morals. New York:  Bantam Books, 1992.

Rheault, D’Arcy, “A Nation of Exclusion:  Who Gets Left Out When We Talk About Canadian Culture (s).” In “New Visions of Nation:  Re-Imagining Canadian Culture(s),” Avancer, The Student Journal for the Study of Canada.  Peterborough, Ontario: Trent University, 1998.

Ross, Rupert. Dancing with a Ghost, Exploring Indian Reality. Ontario:  Octopus, 1992.

Savard, Rémi. Destin d’Amerique. Les Autochtones et nous. Montréal:  Édition de l’Hexagone, 1979.

Tedlock, Dennis and Barbara Tedlock, (eds.). Teachings from the American Earth. New York:  Liveright, 1975.

Wong, Hertha Dawn. Sending My Heart Back Across the Years, Tradition and Innovation in Native American Autobiography. New York:  Oxford University Press, 1992.

 Interviews

Manitowabi, Edna. Interview by author, May 1997, Peterborough, Ontario. Tape recording. Tape in Edna Manitowabi’s possession.

 Conversations with Author

Beaudry, Dominic, (Odawa), 1998.

Bourgeois, Paul, (Ojibwe), 1997, 1998.

Elder, (Ojibwe), 1996.

Elder, (Ojibwe), 1997.

Longboat, Dan, (Kanienkehaka), 1998.

Manitowabi, Edna, (Odawa), 1997.

McInnis, Brian, (Ojibwe), 1998.

Osawamick, Florence, (Odawa), 1997.

Osawamick-Bourgeois, Lillian, (Odawa). 1998.

Traditional Teacher, (Odawa), 1996.

Traditional Teacher, (Ojibwe), 1995-1998

Traditional Teacher, (Ojibwe), 1997.

 Workshop

Thrasher, Michael, (Métis), Workshop, Elders and Traditional Peoples Gathering, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, February 1995.

 Internet

http://www2.hawaii.edu/ethnolog/wgt.cgi/Algic/

 Further Readings

Agar, Michael. Ethnography and Cognition. USA:  Burgess Publishing, 1974.

Ahenakew, F & H. C. Wolfart eds. & trans. Kôhkominawak Otâcimowiniwâwa (Our Grandmothers’ Lives as Told in their Own Words). Saskatoon:  Fifth House, 1992.

Albanese, Catharine L. Nature Religion in America:  From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age. Chicago:  University of Chicago press, 1990.

Alexander, Hartley Burr, (1873-1939). The World's Rim:  Great Mysteries Of The North American Indians. Nebraska:  University of Nebraska Press, 1953.

Anakomigenung (Andy Fields). “Anakomigenung's Medicine Lodge Parchment”.  Interview by Albert Reagan, (24 November, 1913).  U. S. Department of Mines Geological Survey, Division of Anthropology, (B68 F3, no. 52) TMs [photocopy].

Arden, Harvey. Wisdomkeepers:  Meetings With Native American Spiritual Elders. USA:  Beyond Words, 1990.

Armstrong, Virginia Irving, ed. I Have Spoken:  American History Through the Voices of the Indians. Chicago:  The Swallow Press, 1986.

Babcock, Willoughby M. “The Grand Medicine Society of the Chippewa Indians”.  Minnesota:  Minnesota State Historical Society, 1940.

Badger Tom. “A Psychological Interpretation of a Chippewa Origin Legend.” Interview by Victor Barnouw (1944), Journal of American Folk-lore 68 (1955):73-217.

________. “A Chippewa Mide Priest's Description of the Medicine Dance.” Interview by Victor Barnouw (1944), The Wisconsin Archeologist 41 (1960):  77-97.

Barnouw, Victor, “A Psychological Interpretation of a Chippewa Origin Legend.” Journal of American Folklore 68:73-85, 211-223, 341-355, 1955.

Beck, Peggy V. and Anna L. Walters. The Sacred:  Ways of Knowledge, Sources of Life. Tsaile, AZ:  Navajo Community College, 1977.

Benton-Banai, Edward. “The Seven Fires of the Ojibway Nation.” November 1977. TMs [photocopy].

Black Elk. The Sacred Pipe:  Black Elk’s Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux. Edited by Joseph E. Brown. Oklahoma:  Norman:  University of Oklahoma Press, 1953.

Black, Mary B. “Ocipwe Medicine Man as Barometer of Change.” Transcript of speech presented at the Algonquian Conference, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 6 April, 1973. TMs [photocopy].

________. An Ethnoscience Investigation of Ojibwa Ontology and World View. Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University. University Microfilms, 1967.

________. Ojibwa Power Belief System. In Anthropology of Power. R. Rogelson and R. Adams, eds., London:  Academic Press, 1977.

________. “Ojibwa Questioning Etiquette and Use of Ambiguity.” Studies in Linguistics 23 (1973).

________. “Ojibwa Category Maskiki and the ‘Power’ System.” TMs [photocopy].

Blessing, Fred K., Jr. The Ojibway Indians Observed. St. Paul, Minnesota:  The Minnesota Archaeological Society, 1977.

________. “Birchbark Mide Scrolls from Minnesota.” The Minnesota Archaeologist 65/3 (1963):  91-142.

Bourgeois, Paul. “Midewiwin Music.” Interview by Wendy Hawkin, (17 February, 1993). TMs [photocopy].

Boyer, Pascal. Tradition As Truth And Communication:  A Cognitive Description Of Traditional Discourse. Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee:  An Indian History of the American West. New York:  Bantam Books, 1970.

Brown, J. S. H. & R. Brightman. “The Order of the Dreamed”:  George Nelson on Cree and Northern Ojibwa Religion and Myth. Winnipeg:  The University of Manitoba Press, 1988.

Brown, Jennifer S. H. and Elizabeth Vibert, eds. Reading Beyond Words, Contexts for Native History. Peterborough, Ontario:  Broadview Press, 1996.

Bunge, Robert. An American Urphilosophie:  An American Philosophy BP (Before Pragmatism). Landham MD:  University Press of America, 1984.

Bynum, David E. The Dæmon in the Woods, A Study of Oral Narrative Patters. Cambridge:  The Centre for the Study of Oral Literature, 1978.

Cadzow, Donald A. “Bark Records of the Bungi Medéwin Society.” Indian Notes, 1975.

Callicott, J. Baird. “American Indian Land Wisdom? Sorting Out the Issues”, In Defence of the Land Ethic:  Essays in Environmental Philosophy, Albany:  State University of New York Press, 1989.

Calloway, Colin G., ed. New Directions in American Indian History. Oklahoma:  University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.

Capps, Walter H. Seeing with a Native Eye:  Essays on Native American Religion. New York:  Harper & Row, 1976.

Carmody, Denis L. and John Tully Carmody. Native American Religions:  An Introduction. New York:  Paulist Press, 1993.

Chief Mack-E-Te-Be-Nessy (A.J. Blackbird). History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michegan. Ypsilanti, Mich.:  The Ypsilantian Printing House, 1887

Churchill, Ward. Indians Are Us?:  Culture and Genocide in Native North America Between the Lines, Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, 1994.

Clark, Ella E. Indian Legends of Canada. Toronto:  McClelland and Stewart, 1960.

Coleman, Bernard, Sr. “The Religion of the Ojibwa of Northern Minnesota.” Primitive Man 10:33-57, 1937.

Copway, George. The Traditional History and Characteristic Sketches of the Ojibway Nation. London, UK:  Charles Gilpin, 1850.

Dailey, Robert C. “The Midewiwin, Ontario’s First Medical Society.” Ontario History 50/3 (1958):  133-138.

Davidson, John F., “Ojibwa Songs.” Journal of American Folk-lore 58:303-305.

Day-bway-wain-dung, “The Meaning of Certain Birch Bark Manuscripts of the Chippewa Medicine Men, Particularly those Belonging to Chief Day-bway-wain-dung, [with reproduction of figures].” Interview by Albert Reagan, (4 March, 1912). U.S. Department of Mines Geological Survey, Division of Anthropology, (no. 9). TMs [photocopy].

Deleary, Nicholas, “The Midewiwin, An Aboriginal Spiritual Institution:  Symbols of Continuity:  A Native Studies Culture-based Perspective.” Masters Thesis, Carleton University, 1990.

Deloria, Vine, Jr. Custer Died for Your Sins:  An Indian Manifesto. Collier-McMillan, 1969.

________. The Metaphysics of Modern Existence. New York:  Harper & Row, 1979.

Densmore, Frances. “An Ojibwa Prayer Ceremony.” Anthropologic Miscellanea 9 (1907):  443-444.

________. “Chippewa Customs.” Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 86. Washington:  Smithsonian Institution, 1929.

________. Chippewa Music. Washington:  Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology.  Bulletin 45, 1910.

Dewdney, Selwyn. The Sacred Scrolls of the Southern Ojibway. Toronto:  University of Toronto Press, 1975.

Dumont, James. “Rights and Ceremonies, The Midewiwin.” Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario (NATI 2285EZ class notes), 1989. TMs [photocopy].

________. “The Ojibway Medicine Dance, The Healing Dance of the Ojibway Midewiwin.” Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, 1989. TMs [photocopy].

Dupri, Wilhelm. Religion In Primitive Cultures:  A Study In Ethnophilosophy. France:  Mouton, 1975.

Durkheim, Emile. Primitive Classification. Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1963.

Eliade, Mircea. Cosmos and History:  The Myth of the Eternal Return (1949). New York:  Harper and Brothers, 1959.

________. Shamanism:  Archaic Techniques of Ecstacy. New York:  Pantheon, 1964.

________. The Quest:  History and Meaning in Religion. Chicago:  The University of Chicago Press, 1969.

________. The Sacred and the Profane. New York:  Harcourt, Brace & World, 1959.

Erdoes, Richard and Olfonso Ortiz, eds. American Indian Myths and Legends. New York:  Pantheon Books, 1984.

Erdoes, Richard. Crying for a Dream:  The World Through Native American Eyes. Santa Fe, NM:  Bear & Co., 1989.

Farella, John R. The Main Stalk:  A Synthesis of Navajo Philosophy. Tucson:  University of Arizona Press, 1984.

Fire, John and Richard Erdoes. Lame Deer:  Seeker of Visions. New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1972.

Geyshick, Ron and Judith Doyle. Te Bwe Win (Truth). Toronto:  Impulse Editions, Summerhill Press, 1989.

Gill, Sam D. Native American Religious Action:  A Performance Approach to Religion. Columbia:  University of South Carolina Press, 1987.

Goody, Jack. The Domestication Of The Savage Mind. Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Hallowell, A. I. “Bear Ceremonialism in the Northern Hemisphere.” American Anthropologist 28 no. 1 (1926):  1-175.

________. “Ojibwa Personality and Acculturation.” In Social Structure and Personality:  A Case Book. Yeudhi A. Cohen, ed., New York:  Holt Rhinehart and Winston, 1961.

________. “Ojibwa World View and Disease.” In Man’s Image in Medicine and Anthropology. I. Goldston, ed., New York:  International University Press, 1974.

________. “Some Empirical Aspects of Northern Saulteaux Religion.” American Anthropologist 36:  389-404, 1934.

Hamill, James Francis. Ethno-Logic:  The Anthropology Of Human Reasoning. Illinois:  University of Illinois Press, 1990.

Harringtom, M. R. “Religion and Ceremonies of the Lenepe.” In  Indian Notes and Monogrraphs Pub. 19, New York:  Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, 1921.

Harrison, Julia. “The Midewiwin:  The Retention of An Ideology.” Masters Thesis, University of Calgary, 1982.

Harrod, Howard, L. Renewing the World:  Plains Indian Religion and Morality. Tucson:  University of Arizona Press, 1987.

Henley, Thom. Rediscovery:  Ancient Pathways, New Directions:  A Guide To Outdoor Education. Western Canada Wilderness Committee, 1989.

Hickerson, H. “Some Implications of the Theory of the Particularity, or “Atomism”, of Northern Algonkians.” Current Anthropology 8:  313-343, 1967.

________. “The Feast of the Dead Among the 17th C. Algonkians of the Upper Great Lakes.” American Anthropologist 62:  81-107, 1960.

________. “Notes on the Post-Contact Origin of the Midewiwin.” Ethnology 9 no.4 (1963):  404-423.

Hoffman, W. J. “Notes on Ojibwa Folk-lore.” American Anthropologist 2 (1889):  215-223.

________. “Pictography and Shamanistic Rites of the Ojibwa.” American Anthropologist 1 (1888):  209-229.

________. “The Midê’wiwin or “Grand Medicine Society” of the Ojibwa.” In 7th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for the Years 1885-1886. Washington:  Smithsonian Institute, 1891, 143-300.

Hultkrantz, Ake. Belief and Worship in Native North America. Christopher Vecsey ed., Syracuse, NY:  Syracuse University Press, 1981.

Indigenous Knowledge Systems And Development. University Press of America, 1980, [pamphlet].

Jackson, Michael. Paths Toward A Clearing:  Radical Empiricism And Ethnographic Inquiry. Indiana:  Indiana University Press, 1989.

James, B. J. “Some Critical Observations Concerning Analysis of Chippewa “Atomism” and Chippewa Personality.” American Anthropologist 63:  721-746, 1961.

Johnston, Basil. Ojibway Ceremonies. Toronto:  McClelland and Stewart, 1982.

________. Ojibway Heritage. New York:  Columbia University Press, 1976.

Jorgensen, Joseph G. The Sun Dance Religion:  Power for the Powerless. Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1972.

Josephy, Alvin M., ed.. America in 1492:  The World of the Indian Peoples Before the Arrival of Columbus. New York:  Vintage Books, 1993.

Kidd, Kenneth K. “A Radiocarbon Date on a Midewiwin Scroll from Burntside Lake, Ontario.” Ontario Archaeology 35 (1981):  41-43.

________. “Archaeological Investigations in Quetico Park, 1963.” Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, vol.34, pt.2, no.71, 106-110.

King, J. H. C. Thunderbird and Lightning, Indian Life in Northeastern North America 1600-1900. London:  British Museum Publications, 1982.

Koenig, Del M. “Cognitive Styles Of Indian, Metis, Inuit And Non-Natives Of Northern Canada And Alaska And Implications For Education.” National Library of Canada, 1981. [pamphlet].

Landes, R. Ojibwa Sociology. New York:  Columbia University Press, 1937a.

________. “The Personality of the Ojibwa.” Character and Personality 6:  51-60, 1937b.

________. Ojibwa Religion and the Midewiwin. Madison:  The University of Wisconsin Press, 1968.

Lawson, E. Thomas. Rethinking Religion:  Connecting Cognition and Culture. Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Lerchs, Georges. Ottawa, Ontario, letter to J. Harrison, Calgary, Alberta, 27 November, 1979. TMs [photocopy].

Letter, from St. Clair Rapids, Ontario, 1834, From James —, concerning a Midewiwin Ceremony in that year, TMs [photocopy].

Letter, Raudot, 1770, Letter 47:  Of the Saulteur Jugglers,” TMs [photocopy].

Levi-Strauss, Claude. Myth And Meaning:  Five Talks For Radio. Toronto:  University of Toronto Press, 1978.

________. The Savage Mind (1962). Chicago:  The University of Chicago Press, 1966.

Loucks, Brian. Indigenous Science, Development and Healing. Department of Adult Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, 1990 (Fall), TMs [photocopy].

Mallery, Garrick. “Mide Song Records.” Bureau of American Ethnology, 10th Annual Report, Smithsonian Institute, 1894, 229-257.

Mander, Jerry. In the Absence of the Sacred:  The Failure of Technology & The Survival of the Indian Nations. San Francisco:  Sierra Club Books, 1992.

Marks, Jay (aka Jamake Highwater). The Primal Mind:  Vision and Reality in Indian America. New York:  New American Library, 1981.

Martin, Pete. “Picture Writing of the Chippewa Indians, Peter Martin's Parchment, A Song [reproduction and explanation of figures]”. Interview by Albert Reagan, The Wisconsin Archeologist 6/3 (1927):  81-82.

Maurer, Evan M. The Native American Heritage. Chicago:  The Art Institute of Chicago, 1977.

McFadden, Steven S. H. Profiles In Wisdom:  Native Elders Speak About The Earth, USA:  Bear & Co., 1991.

Mills, Antonia and Richard Slobodin, eds. American Rebirth:  Reincarnation Belief Among North American Indians and Inuit. Toronto:  University of Toronto Press, 1994.

Morriseau, Norval. Legends of My People The Great Ojibway. Toronto:  McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1965.

Nabokov, Peter, ed. Native American Testimony:  A Chronicle of Indian-White Relations from Prophecy to the Present, 1492-1992. New York:  Viking, 1991.

Nett Lake, John (Farmer John). “Farmer John's Sky Manido Wigwam Medicine Lodge, [explanation of figures].”  Interview by Albert Reagan, (20 April, 1914). U. S, Department of Mines Geological Survey, Division of Anthropology (no. 52e), TMs [photocopy]

Norman, Howard A. “Midé (Shaman) Picture Songs.” Ethnopoetics 4 (1972):  28-30.

Paper, Jordan. ““Sweat Lodge”:  A Northern Native American Ritual for Communal Shamanistic Trance.” Temenos 26 (1990):  85-94.

________. “From Shaman to Mystic in Ojibwa Religion.” Studies in Religion 9/2 (1980):  185-199.

________. Offering Smoke:  The Sacred Pipe and Native American Religion. Moscow:  University of Idaho Press, 1988.

Parker, Arthur C. (Gawaso Wanneh), The Indian How Book. New York:  Dover, 1975 (unabriged republication of 1931 edition).

Photos. 4 photos of Midewiwin Lodge, Sandy Lake, Ontario, 1973; 1 photo of Midewiwin Lodge, Berens River, Manitoba, 1915. (see description and personal account of Ceremony at Sandy Lake, Ontario in letter from Georges Lerchs to J. Harrison, 27 November, 1979). [photocopy].

Radin, Paul. “Ethnological Notes on the Ojibwa of Southeastern Ontario.” American Anthropologist 30 (1928):  659-668.

________. Primitive Man As Philosopher. USA:   D. Appleton and Company, 1927.

Reagan, Albert B. “A Ritual Parchment and Certain Historical Charts of the Bois Fort Ojibwa of Minnesota.” Americana 29 (1935):  228-244.

________. “Picture Writing of the Chippewa Indians.” The Wisconsin Archeologist 6/3 (1927):  81-82.

________. “Some Notes on the Grand Medicine Society of the Bois Fort Ojibwa.” Americana 27 (1933):  502-519.

Ritzenthaler, Robert E. and Pat Ritzenthaler. The Woodland Indians of the Western Great Lakes. Garden City, New York:  The Natural History Press, 1970.

Ritzenthaler, Robert. “Chippewa Preoccupation with Health.” Bulletin, Milwaukee Public Museum 19 part 4 (1953):  175-257.

________. “The Ceremonial Destruction of Sickness by the Wisconsin Chippewa.” American Anthropologist 47 (1945):  320-322.

Ross, A. C. (Ehanamani).  Mitakuye Oyasin (We Are All Related). Denver, CO:  Bear, 1989.

Roufs, Tim. “Myth in Method:  More on Ojibwa Culture.” Current Anthropology 15, no.3 (Sept. 1975):  307-309.

Seton, Ernest Thompson. The Gospel Of The Redman:  A Way Of Life. Seton Village, 1966, 1963.

Sherzer, Joel and Anthony C. Woodbury, eds. Native American Discourse, Poetics and Rhetoric. Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology. Chippewa Indian Music, the Frances Densmore Collection. Washington:  Smithsonian, vol.1, 1983.

Steinmetz, Paul. Meditations with Native Americans — Lakota Spirituality. Santa Fe, NM:  Bear & Company, 1972.

Tanner, Adrian. Bringing Home Animals:  Religious Ideology and Mode of Production of the Mistassini Cree Hunters. St. John’s:  Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1974.

Tatahgausheke. “Farmer John, The Medicine Lodge Parchment.” Interview by Albert Reagan, (20 April, 1914). U. S. Department of Mines Geological Survey, Division of Anthropology, (no 52b), TMs [photocopy].

________. “The Historical Chart of the Migration of the Bois Fort Indians, Sugwaundugahwinninewug (Men of the Thick Fir Woods).  Historical Sketch and Explanation of Chart Obtained by Albert B Reagan from Ta-ta-gaush-eke and Other Bois Fort Indians [reproduction of figures}.” Interview by Albert Reagan, (20 April, 1914). U. S. Department of Mines Geological Survey, Division of Anthropology, (no 52d), TMs [photocopy].

The Sacred Tree. Four Worlds Development Press, Four Worlds Development Project, 1985.

Turner, Harold W. Bibliography of New Religious Movements in Primal Societies. Volume II:  North America. Boston:  G. K. Hall, 1978.

Vecsey, Christopher, ed. Belief and Worship in Native North America. Syracuse:  Syracuse University Press, 1981.

________. Traditional Ojibwa Religion and Its Historical Changes. Volume 152 in the series Memoirs Series. Philadelphia:  American Philosophical Society, 1983.

Vennum, Thomas, Jr. “Ojibwa Origin-Migration Songs of the Mitewiwin.” Journal of American Folklore, 1985.

Vizenor, Gerald, ed. Narrative Chance, Postmodern Discourse on Native American Indian Literature. Albuquerque:  University of New Mexico Press, 1989.

Warren, William W. “Oral Traditions Respecting the History of the Ojibwa Nation.” Schoolcraft 2 (1860):  135-167.

________. “History of the Ojibways, Based Upon Traditions and Oral Statements.” Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society 5:21-394, 1885.

Waugh, Earle H. and K. Dad Prithipaul. Native Religious Traditions. Studies in Religion, 8. Waterloo, ON:  Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1979.

Waugh, F. W. “Midewiwin Notes 1919.” TMs (Box 204R, Fld 20), 5 September 1919, Wabigoon, TMs [photocopy].